CT Better At Detecting Lung Cancer Than X-Rays

CT Better At Detecting Lung Cancer Than X-Rays.
Routinely screening longtime smokers and old stuffy smokers for lung cancer using CT scans can digest the death rate by 20 percent compared to those screened by chest X-ray, according to a vital US government study. The National Lung Screening Trial included more than 53000 stylish and former heavy smokers aged 55 to 74 who were randomly chosen to be subjected to either a "low-dose helical CT" scan or a chest X-ray once a year for three years. Those results, which showed that those who got the CT scans were 20 percent less acceptable to die than those who received X-rays alone, were initially published in the newsletter Radiology in November 2010.

The new study, published online July 29 in the New England Journal of Medicine, offers a fuller review of the details from the trial, which was funded by the US National Cancer Institute. Detecting lung tumors earlier offers patients the occasion for earlier treatment. The data showed that over the course of three years, about 24 percent of the low-dose helical CT screens were positive, while just under 7 percent of the coffer X-rays came back positive, purport there was a suspicious lesion (tissue abnormality).

Helical CT, also called a "spiral" CT scan, provides a more unabridged picture of the chest than an X-ray. While an X-ray is a singular image in which anatomical structures overlap one another, a spiral CT takes images of multiple layers of the lungs to form a three-dimensional image. About 81 percent of the CT glance at patients needed follow-up imaging to determine if the suspicious lesion was cancer.

But only about 2,2 percent needed a biopsy of the lung tissue, while another 3,3 percent needed a broncoscopy, in which a tube is threaded down into the airway. "We're very delighted with that. We believe that means that most of these positive examinations can be followed up with imaging, not an invasive procedure," said Dr Christine D Berg, turn over co-investigator and acting spokesperson director of the division of cancer prevention at the National Cancer Institute.

The vast majority of thorough screens were "false positives" - 96,4 percent of the CT scans and 94,5 percent of X-rays. False undeniable means the screening test spots an abnormality, but it turns out not to be cancerous. Instead, most of the abnormalities turned out to be lymph nodes or chafed tissues, such as scarring from prior infections.

Brain Scans Can Reveal The Occurrence Of Autism

Brain Scans Can Reveal The Occurrence Of Autism.
A pattern of thought imaging that measures the circuitry of brain connections may someday be used to name autism, new research suggests. Researchers at McLean Hospital in Boston and the University of Utah second-hand MRIs to analyze the microscopic fiber structures that make up the brain circuitry in 30 males ancient 8 to 26 with high-functioning autism and 30 males without autism. Males with autism showed differences in the milk-white matter circuitry in two regions of the brain's temporal lobe: the higher-level temporal gyrus and the temporal stem. Those areas are involved with language, sensation and social skills, according to the researchers.

Based on the deviations in brain circuitry, researchers could distinguish with 94 percent preciseness those who had autism and those who didn't. Currently, there is no biological test for autism. Instead, diagnosis is done through a wordy examination involving questions about the child's behavior, language and social functioning. The MRI investigation could change that, though the study authors cautioned that the results are preliminary and need to be confirmed with larger numbers of patients.

So "Our research pinpoints disruptions in the circuitry in a brain part that has been known for a long time to be responsible for language, social and emotional functioning, which are the major deficits in autism," said captain author Nicholas Lange, director of the Neurostatistics Laboratory at McLean Hospital and an ally professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "If we can get to the physical essence of the potential sources of those deficits, we can better understand how exactly it's happening and what we can do to develop more effective treatments". The contemplation is published in the Dec 2, 2010 online edition of Autism Research.

Lovers Of Meat At A Greater Risk Of Bladder Cancer

Lovers Of Meat At A Greater Risk Of Bladder Cancer.
Eating sustenance frequently, especially when it's well-done or cooked at momentous temperatures, can assistance the risk of bladder cancer, a new study suggests. "It's well-known that meat cooked at huge temperatures generates heterocyclic amines that can cause cancer," study presenter Jie Lin, an underling professor in the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center's sphere of influence of epidemiology, said in a news release from the cancer center. "We wanted to find out if eats consumption increases the risk of developing bladder cancer and how genetic differences may play a part".

This examination tracked 884 patients with bladder cancer and 878 who didn't have it. They responded to questionnaires about their diets. Those who ate the most red grub were almost 1,5 times more inclined to to develop bladder cancer than those who ate the least.

The study linked steak, pork chops and bacon to the highest risk. But even chicken and fish - when fried - upped the chance of cancer, the sanctum found. "This research reinforces the relationship between diet and cancer," haunt author Dr Xifeng Wu, a professor in the department of epidemiology, said in the low-down release. "These results strongly support what we suspected: people who eat a lot of red meat, extremely well-done red meat, such as fried or barbecued, seem to have a higher likelihood of bladder cancer".

Certain kith and kin seemed to be at even higher risk because of their genetic makeup. The findings were presented Monday at the American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting, in Washington, DC.

Regular Training Soften The Flow Of Colds

Regular Training Soften The Flow Of Colds.
There may not be a corn for the low-grade cold, but people who exercise regularly seem to have fewer and milder colds, a new swot suggests. In the United States, adults can expect to catch a cold two to four times a year, and children can envisage to get six to 10 colds annually. All these colds tap about $40 billion from the US economy in direct and indirect costs, the study authors estimate. But irritate may be an inexpensive way to put a dent in those statistics, the study says.

And "The physically running always brag that they're sick less than sedentary people," said lead researcher David C Nieman, chief honcho of the Human Performance Laboratory at the Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, in Kannapolis, NC. "Indeed, this brag of active clan that they are sick less often is really true," he asserted. The report is published in the Nov 1, 2010 online printing of the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

For the study, the researchers collected statistics on 1002 men and women from ages 18 to 85. Over 12 weeks in the autumn and winter of 2008, the researchers tracked the calculate of upper respiratory tract infections the participants suffered. In addition, all the participants reported how much and what kinds of aerobic try they did weekly, and rated their seemliness levels using a 10-point system.

They were also quizzed about their lifestyle, dietary patterns and stressful events, all of which can wear the immune system. The researchers found that the frequency of colds among people who exercised five or more days a week was up to 46 percent less than those who were essentially sedentary - that is, who exercised only one hour or less of the week.

In addition, the number of days people suffered cold symptoms was 41 percent mark down among those who were physically active on five or more days of the week, compared to the generally sedentary group. The group that felt the fittest also experienced 34 percent fewer days of ice-cold symptoms than those were felt the least fit.

Nutritional Supplements Affect The Body In Different Ways

Nutritional Supplements Affect The Body In Different Ways.
With three restored studies judgement that a daily multivitamin won't help boost the unexceptional American's health, the experts behind the research are urging people to abandon use of the supplements. The studies found that popping a routine multivitamin didn't ward off heart problems or memory loss, and wasn't tied to a longer story span. The studies, published in the Dec 17, 2013 circulation of the journal Annals of Internal Medicine, found that multivitamin and mineral supplements did not work any better in these respects than placebo pills. Dietary supplements are a multibillion-dollar trade in the United States, and multivitamins tale for nearly half of all vitamin sales, according to the US Office of Dietary Supplements.

But a growing body of evidence suggests that multivitamins volunteer little or nothing in the way of health benefits, and some studies suggest that high doses of non-specified vitamins might cause harm. As a result, the authors behind the new research said, it's spell for most people to stop taking them. "We believe that it's clear that vitamins are not working," said Dr Eliseo Guallar, a professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

In a strongly worded think-piece on the three studies, Guallar and his co-authors urged mobile vulgus to blockage spending money on multivitamins. Even a representatives of the vitamin industry asked commoners to temper their hopes about dietary supplements. "We all need to manage our expectations about why we're taking multivitamins," Duffy MacKay, degeneracy president of scientific and regulatory affairs for the Council for Responsible Nutrition, a employment group that represents supplement manufacturers, said in a prepared statement.

So "Research shows that the two duct reasons people take multivitamins are for overall health and wellness and to fill in nutrient gaps. Science still demonstrates that multivitamins master-work for those purposes, and that alone provides reason for kith and kin to take a multivitamin". However it's not clear that taking supplements to fill gaps in a less-than-perfect regime really translates into any kind of health boost.

Many Children Suffer From Hepatitis C Without Diagnosis And Treatment

Many Children Suffer From Hepatitis C Without Diagnosis And Treatment.
Many children with hepatitis C go undiagnosed and untreated, which can conduct to stringent liver destruction later in life, a new study warns. Researchers from the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine esteemed that national data shows that between 0,2 percent and 0,4 percent of children in the United States are infected with hepatitis C. Based on that data, they regard they would recover about 12,155 cases of pediatric infection in Florida, yet only 1,755 cases were identified, a mere 14,4 percent of the expected legions of cases.

So "Our study showed a lack of adequate identification of hepatitis C virus infection in children that could be widespread throughout the nation," said precede researcher Dr Aymin Delgado-Borrego, a pediatric gastroenterologist and subsidiary professor of pediatrics. Hepatitis C is get a kick out of a "ticking bomb. It seems harmless until it explodes".

Most children and adults infected with hepatitis C do not have symptoms or only nonspecific symptoms, such as weary or abdominal pain, Delgado-Borrego said. She planned to now the findings Sunday at the Digestive Disease Week conference in New Orleans. Delgado-Borrego chose Florida for the swat because it is one of the few states that requires all cases of the infection to be reported to the adjoining health department.

"Not only was there a lack of proper identification, but among the children that have been identified the percentage of those receiving medical disquiet is extremely and unacceptably low". Based on these data, Delgado-Borrego's group found only about 1,2 percent of children with hepatitis C were receiving care by a pediatric hepatologist.

A New Approach In The Treatment Of Leukemia

A New Approach In The Treatment Of Leukemia.
An exploratory cure that targets the immune system might offer a new way to treat an often precise form of adult leukemia, a preliminary study suggests. The research involved only five adults with iterative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. ALL progresses quickly, and patients can go the way of all flesh within weeks if untreated. The typical commencement treatment is three separate phases of chemotherapy drugs. For many patients, that beats back the cancer.

But it often returns. At that point, the only upon for long-term survival is to have another round of chemo that wipes out the cancer, followed by a bone marrow transplant. But when the plague recurs, it is often resistant to many chemo drugs, explained Dr Renier Brentjens, an oncologist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City.

So, Brentjens and his colleagues tested a unconventional approach. They took invulnerable system T-cells from the blood of five patients, then genetically engineered the cells to precise so-called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which remedy the T-cells recognize and destroy ALL cells. The five patients received infusions of their tweaked T-cells after having banner chemotherapy.

All five promptly saw a complete remission - within eight days for one patient, the researchers found. Four patients went on to a bone marrow transplant, the researchers reported March 20 in the documentation Science Translational Medicine. The fifth was unacceptable because he had heart disease and other health conditions that made the displace too risky.

And "To our amazement, we got a full and a very rapid elimination of the tumor in these patients," said Dr Michel Sadelain, another Sloan-Kettering researcher who worked on the study. Many questions remain, however. And the curing - known as adoptive T-cell treatment - is not available slim of the research setting. "This is still an experimental therapy".

And "But it's a promising therapy". In the United States, agree to 6100 people will be diagnosed with ALL this year, and more than 1400 will die, according to the National Cancer Institute. ALL most often arises in children, but adults description for about three-quarters of deaths.

Most cases of ALL are the B-cell form, and Brentjens said about 30 percent of mature patients are cured. When the cancer recurs, patients have a launching at long-term survival if they can get a bone marrow transplant. But if their cancer resists the pre-transplant chemo, the viewpoint is grim.

The Link Between Recurrent Miscarriages And The Risk Of Heart Attacks In Women

The Link Between Recurrent Miscarriages And The Risk Of Heart Attacks In Women.
Women who tolerate periodic miscarriages have a greatly increased chance of heart attack later in life, finds a new study. Researchers analyzed evidence from more than 11500 women who had been pregnant at least once and found that 25 percent had experienced at least one detectable miscarriage, 18 percent had had at least one abortion and 2 percent had knowledgeable a stillbirth. Over a bolstering of about 10 years, 82 of the women had a heart attack and 112 had a stroke. There was no significant society between any type of pregnancy loss and stroke, said the researchers.

Each miscarriage increased determination attack risk by 40 percent, and having more than two miscarriages increased the risk by more than fourfold. Women who had more than three miscarriages had a ninefold increased risk. The study, published online Dec 1, 2010 in the chronicle Heart, also found that having at least one stillbirth increased the jeopardize of affection attack 3,5 times.

The degree of risk associated with recurrent miscarriage decreased when the researchers factored in dominating heart attack factors such as smoking, weight and alcohol consumption, but the imperil was still five times higher than normal. "These results suggest that women who experienced knee-jerk pregnancy loss are at a substantially higher risk of heart attack later in life," the researchers wrote in a scandal release from the publisher. "Recurrent miscarriage and stillbirth are strong gender predictors for this and thus should be considered as substantial indicators for monitoring cardiovascular risk factors and preventive measures".

Heart Risk For Elderly People Increases When Sleep Apnea

Heart Risk For Elderly People Increases When Sleep Apnea.
The snoring and breathing disturbances of catch forty winks apnea may be more than just a nuisance, with a untrodden study linking the train to higher risks for heart failure and heart disease in middle-aged and older men. However, the investigation found no correlation between sleep apnea and coronary heart disease in women, or in men older than 70.

And "The indicator here is that there is a lot of undiagnosed sleep apnea, and that, at least in men, it is associated with the advancement of coronary heart disease and heart failure. Only about 10 percent of forty winks apnea cases are diagnosed," said Dr Daniel Gottlieb, associate professor of medicine, Boston University School of Medicine. Gottlieb notable that while the jump in heart hazard was noteworthy, it was not as large as that seen in previous clinic-based studies of sleep apnea because the participants were drawn from a titillating community-based population.

According to background information in the study, sleep apnea sufferers awaken a split second during the night struggling to breathe, often experiencing a shot of blood pressure- raising adrenaline. Most often, they go suitable back to sleep, unaware of what happened. But the awakenings are repeated, sometimes up to 30 times an hour, depriving the sufferer of life-and-death oxygen and sound sleep.

The research is published online July 12 in Circulation. In the study, almost 2000 men and about 2500 women - all spontaneous of sympathy problems at the beginning of the research - were recorded as they slept using polysomnograms, which rhythmic the presence and severity of sleep apnea as calibrated on the Apnea-Hypopnea Index. About half had no symptoms of repose apnea, the team found, while half had mild, moderate or severe symptoms.

Participants were then contacted at various times from 1998 to the finishing follow-up in April 2006. During that time, 473 cardiac events occurred, including 185 compassion attacks, 212 heart bypass operations, and 76 deaths. There were also 308 cases of soul failure; of these 144 people also had a essence attack.

Useless The Second Phase Of The Definition Of Brain Death

Useless The Second Phase Of The Definition Of Brain Death.
Making families put off for a in the second place exam to confirm a brain death diagnosis is not only supererogatory but may make it less likely that the family will agree to donate their loved one's organs, a experimental study finds. Researchers reviewed records from the New York Organ Donor Network database of 1,229 adults and 82 children who had been declared cognition dead. All of the kinsmen had died in New York hospitals over a 19-month period between June 2007 and December 2009.

Patients had to bide an average of nearly 20 hours between the first and second exam, even though the New York State Health Department recommends a six-hour wait, according to the study. Not only did the following exam continue nothing to the diagnosis - not one patient was found to have regained brain function between the first and the second exam - wordy waiting times appeared to make families more reluctant to give consent for organ donation. About 23 percent of families refused to vouchsafe their loved ones organs, a several that rose to 36 percent when wait times stretched to more than 40 hours, the investigators found.

The chat was also true: Consent for organ donation decreased from 57 percent to 45 percent as hold-up times were dragged out. Though the research did not look at the causes of the refusal, for families, waiting around for a aide-de-camp exam means another emotionally exhausting, stressful and uncertain day waiting in an intensified care unit to find out if it's time to remove their loved one from life support, said swat author Dr Dana Lustbader, chief of palliative care at The North Shore LIJ Health System in Manhasset, NY.

At the same time, the patient's already dubious fitness can further decrease the odds of organ donation occurring as waiting times go up. Organ viability decreases the longer a individual is brain dead.

Opioid Analgesics Are More Dangerous For Health Than The Non-Opioid Analgesics

Opioid Analgesics Are More Dangerous For Health Than The Non-Opioid Analgesics.
Two recent studies suggest that Medicare patients who select opioid painkillers such as codeine, Vicodin or Oxycontin impertinence higher health risks, including death, humanity problems or fractures, compared to those taking non-opioid analgesics. However, it's not clear if the painkillers are as soon as responsible for the differences in risk and other factors could play a role. And one pain specialist who's close with the findings said they don't reflect the experiences of doctors who've prescribed the drugs.

In one study, researchers examined a database of Medicare recipients in two states who were prescribed one of five kinds of opiod painkillers from 1996-2005. They looked at almost 6,300 patients who took one of these five painkillers: codeine phosphate, hydrocodone bitartrate (best known in its Vicodin form), oxycodone hydrochloride (Oxycontin), propoxyphene hydrochloride (Darvon), and tramadol hydrochloride (Ultram). Those who took codeine were 1,6 times more right to have suffered from cardiovascular problems after 180 days, while patients on hydrocodone seemed to be at higher jeopardize of fractures than those who took tramadol and propoxyphene.

After 30 days, those who took oxycodone were 2,4 times more suitable to on than those taking hydrocodone, and codeine users were twice as seemly to die, although the tally of deaths was small. The reflect on authors care that their findings are surprising in some ways and have need of to be confirmed by further research. Commenting on the study, Dr Russell K Portenoy, chairman of the sphere of pain medicine and palliative care at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City, said that the findings are of minimal value because many other factors could detail the differences between the drugs, such as how fast physicians ramped up the doses of patients.

New Research Of Children's Autism

New Research Of Children's Autism.
An speculative drug for autism did not fix up levels of lethargy and social withdrawal in children who took it, but it did show some other benefits, a different study finds in May 2013. Children on arbaclofen did improve on an overall measure of autism bareness when compared to kids taking an inactive placebo, said lead researcher Dr Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele, an associated professor of psychiatry, pediatrics and pharmacology at Vanderbilt University. He is to present the findings Thursday at the International Meeting for Autism Research (IMFAR) in Spain.

One of 88 children in the United States is now diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, the cover period for complex brain enlargement disorders marked by problems in social interaction and communication. Veenstra-VanderWeele focused on evaluating the communal improvement with the drug because earlier research had suggested it could help. However, one of the earlier studies did not weigh the drug to a placebo, but simply measured improvement in those who took the drug.

In the new study, Veenstra-VanderWeele and his tandem assigned 150 people with autism, aged 5 to 21, to take the drug or a placebo, without knowing which group they were in, for eight weeks. The participants had been diagnosed with autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome or another connected condition known as pervasive developmental disorder. In all, 130 finished the study.

Flying With Prosthetic Limbs And Meds Can Alert Airport Security

Flying With Prosthetic Limbs And Meds Can Alert Airport Security.
Adjusting to the necessary, but on the face of it ever-changing guarding rules when traveling can be tough for anyone, but for someone traveling with a bagful of needles and vials of insulin or someone who's had a with it or knee replaced, the go can be fraught with extra worry. But Ann Davis, a spokeswoman for the US Transportation Security Administration (TSA), the intermediation responsible for ensuring the safety of the US skies, says that travelers with habitual conditions need not be concerned.

Davis said that TSA officers are well-trained and habitual with the odd baggage or screening requirements that may come with certain medical conditions. What's most mighty is that you let the screeners know what medical condition you have. "We have screening procedures to make inevitable that everything and everyone is screened properly".

For example people with pacemakers or implanted cardiac defibrillators shouldn't go through the metal detectors, but if they proclaim the TSA officers, there are other ways for them to be screened. Davis said that the TSA doesn't order a doctor's note verifying a medical condition, but that it doesn't hurt to have one.

However it is recommended that mortals with pacemakers carry a pacemaker ID card that they can get from their doctors. She also advised keeping drugs, markedly liquid medications, in the original packaging with the label that shows your name, if it's a preparation medication. But that's not a requirement, either.

The TSA recently launched what it's employment "self-select" lanes, including one for families with small children and people with medical issues. Davis said that this is the lane kinfolk should definitely be in if they need to carry with them liquids, such as insulin, that are released from the regulations restricting the amount that can be taken onboard.

Americans Rarely Write Wills

Americans Rarely Write Wills.
Most Americans do not deal with end-of-life issues and wishes, a strange about indicates. Researchers analyzed data from nearly 8000 people who took shard in nationwide surveys conducted in 2009 and 2010, and found that only about 26 percent had completed an advance directive, also called a living will. There were significant associations between completing an progress directive and age, income, information and health status, according to the study in the January issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

Advance directives were more reciprocal among women, whites, married people and those who had a college degree or postgraduate training. People with advanced directives also were more apt to to have a chronic disease or a regular source of care. "For ebony and Hispanic respondents, advance directives were less frequent across all educational groups.

Autism And Suicide

Autism And Suicide.
Children with autism may have a higher-than-average endanger of contemplating or attempting suicide, a budding study suggests. Researchers found that mothers of children with autism were much more likely than other moms to hold their child had talked about or attempted suicide: 14 percent did, versus 0,5 percent of mothers whose kids didn't have the disorder. The behavior was more hackneyed in older kids (aged 10 and up) and those whose mothers reason they were depressed, as well as kids whose moms said they were teased. An autism virtuoso not involved in the research, however, said the study had limitations, and that the findings "should be interpreted cautiously".

One why is that the information was based on mothers' reports, and that's a limitation in any study, said Cynthia Johnson, concert-master of the Autism Center at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Johnson also said mothers were asked about suicidal and "self-harming" bullshit or behavior. "A lot of children with autism spiel about or engage in self-harming behavior. That doesn't mean there's a suicidal intent".

Still, Johnson said it makes faculty that children with autism would have a higher-than-normal risk of suicidal tendencies. It's known that they have increased rates of bust and anxiety symptoms, for example. The edition of suicidal behavior in these kids "is an important one and it deserves further study".

Autism spectrum disorders are a collect of developmental brain disorders that hinder a child's ability to communicate and interact socially. They wander from severe cases of "classic" autism to the relatively mild form called Asperger's syndrome. In the United States, it's been estimated that about one in 88 children has an autism spectrum disorder.

This week, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revised that currency to as ripe as one in 50 children. The different findings, reported in the journal Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, are based on surveys of nearly 800 mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder, 35 whose kids were let go of autism but suffered from depression, and nearly 200 whose kids had neither disorder.

The children ranged in ripen from 1 to 16, and the autism spectrum tumult cases ranged in severity. Non-autistic children with gloom had the highest rate of suicidal talk and behavior, according to mothers - 43 percent said it was a imbroglio at least "sometimes".

The New Role Of Stem Cells For Treatment Of Neoplastic Diseases

The New Role Of Stem Cells For Treatment Of Neoplastic Diseases.
For excruciating myeloid leukemia patients, overactive genes in their leukemic shoot cells (LSC) can ship into a more difficult struggle to overcome their disease and achieve prolonged remission, supplemental research reveals. "In many cancers, specific subpopulations of cells appear to be uniquely apt of initiating and maintaining tumors," the study authors explained in their report. The researchers identified 52 LSC genes that, when extremely active, appear to prompt worse outcomes among acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.

The finding is reported in the Dec 22/29 2010 emanate of the Journal of the American Medical Association. Between 2005 and 2007, over author Andrew J Gentles, of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, and colleagues examined gene operation in a group of AML patients as well as healthy individuals. Separate details concerning AML tumors in four groups of patients (totaling more than 1000) was also analyzed.

In one of the serene groups, the investigators found that higher activity levels among 52 LSC genes meant a 78 percent jeopardize of death within a three-year period. This compared with a 57 percent peril of death in the same time frame for AML patients with lower gene activity surrounded by these specific "signature" genes. In another AML patient group, the research team observed that higher gene energy prompted an 81 percent risk for experiencing a disease hindrance over three years, compared with just a 48 percent risk among patients with low gene activity.

What's more, Gentles and his colleagues found that higher endeavour among these 52 LSC genes largely meant a poorer response to chemotherapy treatment and lower remission rates. The authors suggested that by "scoring" the vim levels of these 52 genes from low to high, clinicians might be able to better foretell how well AML patients will respond to therapy.