Showing posts with label antibiotics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label antibiotics. Show all posts

Thursday 27 June 2019

How To Treat Travelers' Diarrhea

How To Treat Travelers' Diarrhea.
The overuse of antibiotics to scrutinize travelers' diarrhea may present to the spread of drug-resistant superbugs, a new study suggests. Antibiotics should be second-hand to treat travelers' diarrhea only in severe cases, said the study authors. The reading was published online Jan 22, 2015 in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. "The great best part of all cases of travelers' diarrhea are mild and resolve on their own," lead designer Dr Anu Kantele, associate professor in infectious diseases at Helsinki University Hospital in Finland, said in a paper news release.

The researchers tested 430 people from Finland before and after they traveled freelance of the country. About one in five of those who traveled to tropical and subtropical regions unknowingly returned with antibiotic-resistant corporation bacteria. Risk factors for catching antibiotic-resistant gut bacteria allow for having travelers' diarrhea and taking antibiotics for it while abroad. More than one-third of the travelers who took antibiotics for diarrhea came to the heart with the antibiotic-resistant bacteria, according to the study.

Monday 16 July 2018

Awareness Against The Global Problem Of Antibiotic Resistance

Awareness Against The Global Problem Of Antibiotic Resistance.
Knowing when to tolerate antibiotics - and when not to - can servant fight the rise of deadly "superbugs," impart experts at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About half of antibiotics prescribed are non-essential or inappropriate, the agency says, and overuse has helped create bacteria that don't respond, or rejoin less effectively, to the drugs used to fight them. "Antibiotics are a shared resource that has become a rare resource," said Dr Lauri Hicks, a medical epidemiologist at the CDC.

She's also medical top banana a of new program, Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work, that had its launch this week. "Everyone has a lines to play in preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance". The stakes are high, said Dr Arjun Srinivasan, CDC's mate director for health care-associated infection restraining programs. Almost every type of bacteria has become stronger and less responsive to antibiotic treatment.

The CDC is urging Americans to use the drugs nicely to help prevent the global problem of antibiotic resistance. To that end, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), numerous nationalistic medical and methodical associations, as well as state and local health departments have collaborated on the CDC's Get Smart initiative.

Most strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are still found in condition care settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes. Yet superbugs, including MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus) - which kills about 19000 Americans a year - are increasingly found in community settings, such as vigour clubs, schools, and workplaces, said Hicks.

Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), a impair that affects fine fettle people outside of hospitals, made headlines in 2008, when it killed a Florida turned on school football player. Referring to late reports of sinusitis caused by MRSA, Hicks said that "people who would normally be treated with an spoken antibiotic are requiring more toxic medications or, in some instances, admission to a hospital. We've seen this with pneumonia, too, and I nails we'll start to see it with other types of infections as well".

Monday 2 July 2018

Risks And Benefits Of Treatment Kids' Ear Infections With Antibiotics

Risks And Benefits Of Treatment Kids' Ear Infections With Antibiotics.
Antibiotics may cure more children with cutting ear infections recover quickly, but the drugs also come with the gamble of side effects, concludes a new analysis of previous research. Between 4 and 10 percent of children wisdom side effects, such as diarrhea or rash, from antibiotic use, according to the analysis. "If you have 100 flourishing children with an acute ear infection, about 80 would get better with just over-the-counter wound and fever relief - but if you treated all 100 of those kids with antibiotics, you would quickly repair 92 of them.

But, the number of children who would benefit is similar to the number of children who would experience pretension effects like diarrhea and rash," explained the study's lead author, Dr Tumaini Coker, an subsidiary professor of pediatrics at the Mattel Children's Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles. "Parents categorically have to weigh the risks and benefits of curing when a child has an ear infection".

In addition to finding that early prescribing of antibiotics offers some good in the treatment of ear infections, the researchers also found that newer, name-brand antibiotics didn't appear to be any more conspicuous than old stand-bys, such as amoxicillin, which are often generic and less expensive. "Parents need to know that when a child gets an regard infection, antibiotic treatment might not always be the best option," said Coker, who is also a researcher at the RAND Corporation, a non-profit delve into institute. "And, for most healthy children with a newly diagnosed ear infection, we couldn't secure any evidence that newer antibiotics worked any better than older ones".

Acute ear infection (otitis media) is the most non-private reason that antibiotics are prescribed for children in the United States, according to upbringing information in the study. The average cost of an ear infection is $350 per child, which ends up costing the unscathed health-care system about $2,8 billion annually.

Friday 30 June 2017

Excessive Use Of Antibiotics In Animal Husbandry Creates A Deadly Intestinal Bacteria

Excessive Use Of Antibiotics In Animal Husbandry Creates A Deadly Intestinal Bacteria.
The theme of E coli bacteria that this month killed dozens of rank and file in Europe and sickened thousands more may be more harmful because of the way it has evolved, a new review suggests. Scientists say this strain of E coli produces a particularly noxious toxin and also has a good ability to hold on to cells within the intestine. This, alongside the fact that it is also resistant to many antibiotics, has made the soi-disant O104:H4 strain both deadlier and easier to transmit, German researchers report.

And "This exertion of E coli is much nastier than its more common cousin E coli O157, which is unclean enough - about three times more virulent," said Hugh Pennington, emeritus professor of bacteriology at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland and writer of an accompanying editorial published online June 23, 2011 in The Lancet Infectious Diseases. Another study, published the same date in the New England Journal of Medicine, concludes that, as of June 18, 2011, more than 3200 clan have fallen hostile in Germany due to the outbreak, including 39 deaths.

In fact, the German extraction - traced to sprouts raised at a German organic farm - "was reliable for the deadliest E coli outbreak in history. It may well be so nasty because it combines the virulence factors of shiga toxin, produced by E coli O157, and the structure for sticking to intestinal cells cast-off by another strain of E coli, enteroaggregative E coli, which is known to be an important cause of diarrhea in poorer countries".

Shiga toxin can also daily spur what doctors call "hemolytic uremic syndrome," a potentially devastating form of kidney failure. In the New England Journal of Medicine study, German researchers estimate that 25 percent of outbreak cases involved this complication. The bottom line, according to Pennington: "E coli hasn't gone away. It still springs surprises".

To distinguish out how this thread of the intestinal bug proved so lethal, researchers led by Dr Helge Karch from the University of Munster wilful 80 samples of the bacteria from affected patients. They tested the samples for shiga toxin-producing E coli and also for acerbity genes of other types of E coli.

Monday 6 February 2017

In Most Cases, A Cough Caused By Viruses, And Antibiotics To Treat It Impractical

In Most Cases, A Cough Caused By Viruses, And Antibiotics To Treat It Impractical.
You've been hacking and coughing for a week now - isn't it spell that the cough was through? Sadly, the rebutter is often "no," and experts gunfire that many citizenry have a mistaken idea of how long an acute cough should last. This misconception can lead to the disposable (and, for public safety, dangerous) overuse of antibiotics, a new study finds. "No one wants or likes a persistent cough.

Patients simply want to get rid of it," said Dr Robert Graham, an internist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. "After strenuous over-the-counter regimens for about a week, they descend upon their doctors with the hopes of obtaining a prescription antibiotic for a self-limited ready that is usually caused by viruses," which do not respond to antibiotics who was not involved in the new study.

So how sustained does the average acute cough really last? The team of researchers from the University of Georgia, in Athens, reviewed medical brochures and found that the average duration of an acute cough is nearly three weeks (17,8 days). They then surveyed nearly 500 adults and found that they reported that their cough lasted an ordinary of seven to nine days. And if a philosophical believes an acute cough should last about a week, they are more liable to ask their doctor for antibiotics after five to six days of having a cough, the researchers noted.

Saturday 7 January 2017

Scientists Oppose The Use Of Antibiotics For Livestock Rearing

Scientists Oppose The Use Of Antibiotics For Livestock Rearing.
As experts go on to unscathed alarm bells about the rising resistance of microbes to antibiotics second-hand by humans, the United States Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday Dec 2013 announced it was curbing the use of the drugs in livestock nationwide. "FDA is issuing a project today, in collaboration with the monster health industry, to phase out the use of medically important for treating human infections antimicrobials in scoff animals for production purposes, such as to enhance growth rates and improve feeding efficiency," Michael Taylor, reserve commissioner for foods and veterinary medicine at the agency, said during a Wednesday forenoon press briefing. Experts have long stressed that the overuse of antibiotics by the meat and poultry activity gives dangerous germs such as Staphylococcus and C difficile a prime breeding ground to unfold mutations around drugs often used by humans.

But for years, millions of doses of antibiotics have been added to the nourish or water of cattle, poultry, hogs and other animals to produce fatter animals while using less feed. To appraise and limit this overuse, the FDA is asking pharmaceutical companies that make antibiotics for the husbandry industry to change the labels on their products to limit the use of these drugs to medical purposes only. At the same time, the intervention will be phasing in broader oversight by veterinarians to insure that the antibiotics are used only to premium and prevent illness in animals and not to enhance growth.

And "What is voluntary is only the participation of animal pharmaceutical companies. Once these labeling changes have been made, these products will only be able to be hand-me-down for therapeutic reasons with veterinary oversight. With these changes, there will be fewer approved uses of these drugs and residual uses will be under tighter control". The most prevalent antibiotics used in feed and also prescribed for humans affected by the supplemental rule include tetracycline, penicillin and the macrolides, according to the FDA.

Two companies, Zoetis (Pfizer's animal-drug subsidiary) and Elanco, have the largest appropriate of the animal antibiotic market. Both have said they will put one's signature on on to the FDA's program. There was some initial praise for FDA's move. "We commend FDA for taking the prime steps since 1977 to broadly reduce antibiotic overuse in livestock," Laura Rogers, who directs the Pew Charitable Trusts' good-natured health and industrial farming campaign, said in a statement.

Tuesday 16 February 2016

Gonorrhea Can Not Be Treated By Existing Antibiotics

Gonorrhea Can Not Be Treated By Existing Antibiotics.
The sexually transmitted condition gonorrhea is comely increasingly resistant to available antibiotics, including the latest oral antibiotic used to treat the bacterium, new Canadian research shows. In a investigate of nearly 300 people infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the researchers found a treatment remissness rate of nearly 7 percent in people treated with cefixime, the last available oral antibiotic for gonorrhea. "Gonorrhea is a bacterium that's extraordinary in its ability to mutate quickly, and we no longer have the same over-sufficiency of options anymore," said study author Dr Vanessa Allen, a medical microbiologist with Public Health Ontario in Toronto.

So "We scarcity to start thinking about how we give antibiotics in see of a pipeline that's ending. I think gonorrhea will become a paradigm for drug resistance in general". Another accomplished agreed. "We've been lucky. For quite some time, we've had treatments for gonorrhea that are simple, inexpensively and effective, and a single dose," explained Dr Robert Kirkcaldy, a medical epidemiologist with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, who wrote an article accompanying the study. "But now we're match out of treatment options, and there's a very real possibility that there will be untreatable gonorrhea in the future.

This is a dangerous public health crisis on the horizon". The CDC is so worried that the agency issued new treatment recommendations last August. The CDC advised doctors to stopping using cefixime to treat gonorrhea, and instead use the injectable antibiotic ceftriaxone. Ceftriaxone is in the same refinement of antibiotics as cefixime.

The CDC has also recommended that physicians closely monitor their patients to safeguard that the treatment is working, and to add a second class of antibiotics to treatment if they suspect the ceftriaxone injection hasn't knocked out the infection. Gonorrhea is an exceedingly common infection. More than 320000 cases were reported in the United States in 2011.

Sunday 1 March 2015

A New Antibiotic For Fighting Disease-Causing Bacteria

A New Antibiotic For Fighting Disease-Causing Bacteria.
Laboratory researchers roughly they've discovered a additional antibiotic that could prove valuable in fighting disease-causing bacteria that no longer answer to older, more frequently used drugs. The new antibiotic, teixobactin, has proven true against a number of bacterial infections that have developed resistance to existing antibiotic drugs, researchers write-up in Jan 7, 2015 in the journal Nature. Researchers have used teixobactin to prescription lab mice of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), a bacterial infection that sickens 80000 Americans and kills 11000 every year, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The creative antibiotic also worked against the bacteria that causes pneumococcal pneumonia. Cell enlightenment tests also showed that the uncharted drug effectively killed off drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis, anthrax and Clostridium difficile, a bacteria that causes life-threatening diarrhea and is associated with 250000 infections and 14000 deaths in the United States each year, according to the CDC. "My appraise is that we will unquestionably be in clinical trials three years from now," said the study's elder author, Kim Lewis, director of the Antimicrobial Discovery Center at Northeastern University in Boston.

Lewis said researchers are working to focus the inexperienced antibiotic and make it more effective for use in humans. Dr Ambreen Khalil, an infectious disease connoisseur at Staten Island University Hospital in New York City, said teixobactin "has the covert of being a valuable addition to a limited number of antibiotic options that are currently available". In particular, its effectiveness against MRSA "may corroborate to be critically significant".

And its potent activity against C difficile also "makes it a propitious compound at this time". Most antibiotics are created from bacteria found in the soil, but only about 1 percent of these microorganisms will blossom in petri dishes in laboratories. Because of this, it's become increasingly fussy to find new antibiotics in nature. The 1960s heralded the end of the original era of antibiotic discovery, and synthetic antibiotics were unable to replace natural products, the authors said in distance notes.