The Thyroid Disorders And Reproductive Problems

The Thyroid Disorders And Reproductive Problems.
A unusual haunt supports the notion that thyroid disorders can cause significant reproductive problems for women. The report's authors take it that testing for thyroid disease should be considered for women who have fertility problems and repeated advanced pregnancy loss. The research, published Jan 23, 2015 in The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, found that 2,3 percent of women with fertility problems had an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), compared with 1,5 percent of those in the comprehensive population. The inure is also linked with menstrual irregularity, the researchers said.

So "Abnormalities in thyroid chore can have an adverse effect on reproductive health and result in reduced rates of conception, increased defeat risk and adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes," said look at co-author Amanda Jefferys in a journal news release. She is a researcher from the Bristol Center for Reproductive Medicine at Southmead Hospital in Bristol, England. While the studio couldn't develop cause-and-effect, one expert in the United States said he wasn't surprised by the findings.

And "For over two decades now, we have noticed a undiluted link between hypo- and hyperthyroidism and infertility as well as adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes," said Dr Tomer Singer, a reproductive endocrinologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. "I assist familiar screening of the heterogeneous population for thyroid dysfunction at the start of pregnancy and especially when seeking fertility treatment or struggling with miscarries". The thyroid produces hormones that behaviour key roles in growth and development.

A Neural Tube Defects Have Fallen

A Neural Tube Defects Have Fallen.
Serious start defects of the genius and spine called neural tube defects have fallen 35 percent in the United States since requisite folic acid fortification of enriched grain products was introduced in 1998, federal officials reported Thursday. That shrivelling means 1300 fewer babies are born annually with neural tube defects such as spina bifida, the most commonplace neural tube inadequacy that, in severe cases, can cause partial or complete paralysis of the parts of the body below the waist. However, even with folic acid fortification some women don't get enough of the B vitamin, especially Hispanic women, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The force said all women of childbearing maturity - even if they're not planning to get parturient - need to get 400 micrograms of folic acid everyday from fortified foods, supplements, or both, and to eat foods high in folic acid. "All women skilful of having a baby should be taking a multivitamin containing folic acid every day," Dr Siobhan Dolan, co-author of the March of Dimes record Healthy Mom, Healthy Baby: The Ultimate Pregnancy Guide, said in a tidings release from the organization.

So "It's also well-proportioned to eat foods that contain folate, the natural form of folic acid, including lentils, unskilful leafy vegetables, black beans and orange juice, as well as foods fortified with folic acid, such as bread and pasta, and enriched cereals". Another CDC over released Thursday found that many American women who had a pregnancy unnatural by a neural tube defect and get pregnant again don't follow folic acid supplementation recommendations.

The Link Between Antidepressants And Autism

The Link Between Antidepressants And Autism.
Despite some concerns to the contrary, children whose moms hand-me-down antidepressants during pregnancy do not appear to be at increased chance of autism, a large creative Danish study suggests. The results, published Dec 19, 2013 in the New England Journal of Medicine, furnish some reassurance. There have been some hints that antidepressants called discerning serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) could be linked to autism. SSRIs are the "first-line" drug against depression, and allow for medications such as fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), citalopram (Celexa) and paroxetine (Paxil).

In one new US study, mothers' SSRI use during pregnancy was tied to a twofold increase in the likelihood that her child would have autism. A Swedish study saw a similar pattern, though the risk linked to the drugs was smaller. But both studies included only undersized numbers of children who had autism and were exposed to antidepressants in the womb. The green study is "the largest to date" to look at the issue, using records for more than 600000 children born in Denmark, said leading researcher Anders Hviid, of the Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen.

And overall, his set found, there was no clear link between SSRI use during pregnancy and children's autism risk. Hviid cautioned that the declaration is still based on a small few of children who had autism and prenatal exposure to an SSRI - 52, to be exact. The researchers famed that it's not possible to rule out a small increase in autism risk. "At this point, I do not regard this potential association should feature prominently when evaluating the risks and benefits of SSRI use in pregnancy".

Commenting on the findings, Christina Chambers, commandant of the Center for the Promotion of Maternal Health and Infant Development at the University of California, San Diego, stated, "I over this study is reassuring". One "important" locale is that the researchers factored in mothers' mental health diagnoses - which ranged from gloominess to eating disorders to schizophrenia. "How much of the risk is related to the medication, and how much is interrelated to the underlying condition? It's hard to tease out".

Women Can Take Antidepressants During Pregnancy

Women Can Take Antidepressants During Pregnancy.
Women who deduce non-fluctuating antidepressants while pregnant do not raise the risk of a stillbirth or death of their baby in the first year of life, according to a colossal new study. The findings stem from an analysis involving 30000 women in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, who gave family to more than 1,6 million babies, in total, between 1996 and 2007. Close to 2 percent of the women took instruction selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Prozac (fluoxetine) and Paxil (paroxetine), for depressive symptoms during their pregnancy.

The investigating team, led by Dr Olof Stephansson of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, reports in the Jan 2, 2013 delivery of the Journal of the American Medical Association that initially women taking an SSRI for the dumps did seem to be familiar with statistically higher rates of stillbirth and infant death. However, that uptick in hazard disappeared once they accounted for other factors, including the threat posed by bust and the mother's history of psychiatric disease or hospitalizations, the authors noted in a journal news release.

Doctors Recommend That Pregnant Women Have To Make A Flu Shot

Doctors Recommend That Pregnant Women Have To Make A Flu Shot.
Pregnant women were urged to get a flu snapshot during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, and fresh suggestion supports that advice. Norwegian researchers have found that vaccination in pregnancy was safe for materfamilias and child, and that fetal deaths were more common among unvaccinated moms-to-be. Influenza is a serious forewarning to a pregnant woman and her unborn child, said Dr Camilla Stoltenberg, director vague of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health in Oslo, lead researcher of the new study. "Our contemplate indicates that influenza during pregnancy was a risk factor for stillbirth during the pandemic in 2009".

And "We feel no indication that pandemic vaccination in the second or third trimester increased the risk of stillbirth". With this year's flu pummeling many persons across the United States, experts vote the best way a pregnant woman can protect her unborn baby from flu complications is by getting a flu shot. "In ell to protecting the mother against severe influenza, the vaccine protects the fetus and the teenager in the first months after birth, when the child is too young to be vaccinated".

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a flu sharpshooter for everyone over 6 months of age. Besides expectant women, the CDC says the elderly and anyone with a chronic condition such as asthma or diabetes are especially vulnerable to infection.

For the study, published Jan 16, 2013 in the New England Journal of Medicine, Stoltenberg's tandem serene data on more than 117000 women in Norway who were pregnant between 2009 and 2010 - the opportunity of the H1N1 pandemic. The investigators found the rate of fetal deaths was almost five per 1000 women.

Obesity Can Be A Barrier To Pregnancy

Obesity Can Be A Barrier To Pregnancy.
Women should be tabled at least one year after having weight-loss surgery before they attempt to get pregnant, researchers say. The portliness rate among women of child-bearing age is expected to rise from about 24 percent in 2005 to about 28 percent in 2015, and the reckon of women having weight-loss surgery is increasing, the researchers noted. In a review, published Jan 11, 2013 in The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, investigators looked at c whilom studies to assess the safety, limitations and advantages of weight-loss ("bariatric") surgery, and brass of weight-loss surgery patients before, during and after pregnancy.

Obesity increases the jeopardy of pregnancy complications, but weight-loss surgery reduces the chance in extremely obese women, the consideration authors said. One study found that 79 percent of women who had weight-loss surgery capable no complications during their pregnancy. However, the review also found that complications during pregnancy can occur in women who have had weight-loss surgery.

The Normalization Of Weight A Woman After Childbirth Reduces The Risk Of Developing Diabetes

The Normalization Of Weight A Woman After Childbirth Reduces The Risk Of Developing Diabetes.
Women who gained 18 or more pounds after their before all spoil was born are more than three times more right to develop gestational diabetes during their second pregnancy, according to fresh research. On the bright side, the study, published in the May 23 online children of Obstetrics & Gynecology, also found that women who were able to shed six or more pounds between babies abbreviate their risk of the condition by 50 percent. Gestational diabetes, a condition that occurs during pregnancy, can cause solemn complications in the final weeks of pregnancy, birth and right after a baby is born.

Research shows that women who have had the prepare during one pregnancy have a greater chance of developing the condition again. Excess weight produce before or during pregnancy also boosts a woman's risk. But women who trim extra pounds after the blood of a baby could significantly reduce their risk of developing gestational diabetes in a subsequent pregnancy.

US Experts Have Established Reasons Of Decrease In The Pregnancy Rate

US Experts Have Established Reasons Of Decrease In The Pregnancy Rate.
Pregnancy rates on to lessening in the United States, a federal broadcast released Dec 2013 shows. The rate reached a 12-year low in 2009, when there were about 102 pregnancies for every 1000 women ancient 15 to 44, according to the latest statistics from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That reprimand is 12 percent below the 1990 estimate of about 116 pregnancies per 1000 women.

Only the 1997 rate of 102 has been lower during the by 30 years, according to the report. Experts said two factors are driving the downward trend: improved access to extraction control and decisions by women to put off childbearing until later in life. Those trends have caused the normal age of pregnancy to shift upward. Pregnancy rates for teenagers also have reached unforgettable lows that extend across all racial and ethnic groups.

Between 1990 and 2009, the pregnancy price fell 51 percent for white and black teenagers, and 40 percent for Hispanic teenagers. The teen blood rate dropped 39 percent between 1991 and 2009, and the teen abortion bawl out decreased by half during the same period. Overall, pregnancy rates have continued to descend for women younger than 30. "The amount of knowledge that young women have about their parturition control options is very different compared to a few decades ago," said Dr Margaret Appleton, the man of the division of obstetrics and gynecology at the Scott andamp; White Clinic in College Station, Texas.

Each Missing Week Of Pregnancy Increases The Risk Of Infant Death

Each Missing Week Of Pregnancy Increases The Risk Of Infant Death.
Newborns delivered only a week or two anciently still kisser a significantly higher hazard of death, a new study finds. Researchers at the March of Dimes, the US National Institutes of Health and the US Food and Drug Administration found that the dissimilarity for death more than double for newborns born at 37 weeks versus babies born at 40 weeks of pregnancy. "There is the grasp that babies born between 37 and 41 weeks of pregnancy are all born healthy.

But this swatting confirms that even babies born just a week or two initial have an increased risk of death," Dr Alan R Fleischman, chief vice president and medical director at the March of Dimes, said in a immature release from the group. "It is clear, that regardless of race or ethnicity, every additional week of pregnancy is depreciatory to a baby's health".

The study, published in the June issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology, looked at US material on infant mortality from 1995 to 2006. It found that 1,9 per every 1000 newborns died middle those babies delivered at 40 weeks, but that gang climbed to 3,9 per 1000 among babies born at 37 weeks of pregnancy.

Some Types Of Antidepressants Increase The Risk Of Miscarriage

Some Types Of Antidepressants Increase The Risk Of Miscarriage.
Women who convoy a assured class of antidepressants during pregnancy may increase their risk of having a abortion by 68 percent, Canadian researchers report. Antidepressant use is common during pregnancy, with up to 3,7 percent of women taking the drugs during the to begin trimester. Stopping treatment can lead to a return of depression and other symptoms, and aforesaid studies of the medications' effects on the fetus have been small and had contradictory results.

But the Canadian case-control look at on more than 5000 women found that by controlling for other factors associated with miscarriage, taking antidepressants known as choosy serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy led to an increased risk of miscarriage. Up to 20 percent - or one spouse out of five - will suffer a miscarriage for various reasons during pregnancy. But the swat results suggest that SSRIs as a class increase that risk, according to lead researcher Anick Berard, an accomplice professor at the University of Montreal.

The results "are highly robust given the overweight number of users studied". In addition the study makes clear that the drugs, rather than the mothers' dejection and anxiety, are associated with an increased risk for miscarriage.

However, the author of an accompanying editorial famous that the finding is far from definitive. "This is an association, not a cause," said Adrienne Einarson, assistant chief honcho of the Motherisk Program at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. "We still don't know if it's the downturn or the drug".

Also, the risk uncovered by the study is a very small one. "Less than twice as many women had miscarriages in the set apart with antidepressants as those who did not take antidepressants. It's a very small risk indeed, and it's not a intellect to stop taking an antidepressant if you need it".

Causes Hyperactivity In Children

Causes Hyperactivity In Children.
A imaginative study from Australia sheds more beacon on what environmental factors might raise the risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). "Compared with mothers whose children did not have ADHD, mothers of children with ADHD were more right to be younger, single, smoked in pregnancy, had some complications of pregnancy and labor, and were more proper to have given birth slightly earlier," said study co-author Dr Carol Bower, a ranking principal research fellow with the Center for Child Health Research at the University of Western Australia. "It did not arrive at any difference if the child was a girl or a boy".

The researchers did gather that girls were less likely to have ADHD if their mothers had received the hormone oxytocin to belt along up labor. Previous research had suggested its use during childbirth might actually increase the risk of ADHD. The causes of ADHD endure unclear, although evidence suggests that genes play a major role, said Dr Tanya Froehlich, an fellow professor at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.

And "Many earlier studies have found an association between ADHD and tobacco and alcohol exposure in the womb , prematurity and complications of pregnancy and delivery. One feature is certain: Diagnoses of ADHD have become simple in the United States. A survey released in November 2013 found that 10 percent of American children have been diagnosed with the condition, although the expeditious increase in numbers seems to have leveled off.

ADHD is more established in boys. Its symptoms include distractibility, inattention and a lack of focus.

Significant Weight Gain During Pregnancy Increases The Risk Of Gestational Diabetes

Significant Weight Gain During Pregnancy Increases The Risk Of Gestational Diabetes.
Excessive ballast come by during pregnancy, especially the first trimester, may increase a woman's jeopardy of gestational diabetes, say US researchers. Their three-year study included 345 in the women with gestational diabetes and 800 pregnant women without gestational diabetes, which is defined as glucose bias that typically occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy.

After the researchers adjusted for a loads of factors - age at delivery, previous births, pre-pregnancy body-mass list and race and/or ethnicity - they found that women who gained more weight during pregnancy than recommended by the US Institute of Medicine were 50 percent more plausible to develop gestational diabetes, compared to those whose charge gain was within or below the IOM recommendations. The link between pregnancy weight gain and gestational diabetes was strongest surrounded by overweight and non-white women.

The study was published online Feb 22 in the annal Obstetrics and Gynecology. "Health-care providers should talk to their patients early in their pregnancy about the assign gestational weight gain, especially during the first trimester, and help women monitor their incline gain.

Deficiency Of Iodine During Pregnancy Reduces IQ Of Future Child

Deficiency Of Iodine During Pregnancy Reduces IQ Of Future Child.
Mild to abate iodine deficiency during pregnancy may have a antagonistic long-term impact on children's thought development, British researchers report. Low levels of the so-called "trace element" in an watchful mother's diet appear to put her child at risk of poorer verbal and reading skills during the preteen years, the on authors found. Pregnant women can boost their iodine levels by eating enough dairy products and seafood, the researchers suggested. The finding, published online May 22, 2013 in The Lancet, stems from an critique of inartistically 1000 mother-child pairs who were tracked until the sprog reached the age of 9 years.

And "Our results clearly show the rank of adequate iodine status during early pregnancy, and emphasize the risk that iodine deficiency can ostentation to the developing infant," study lead author Margaret Rayman, of the University of Surrey in Guildford, England, said in a gazette news release. The study authors explained that iodine is depreciative to the thyroid gland's hormone production process, which is known to have an impact on fetal perception development.